Lectionary Bible Studies and Sermons



Mark

The Forerunner. 1:1-8

[Seed logo] Introduction
      The prologue of Mark's gospel consists of the first 13 verses. It introduces us to Jesus, the one who appears in the wilderness, summoned by John the Baptist. This serves as a mysterious introduction to Jesus. He appears in the wilderness, introduced by a prophetic word and identified as the one who will baptize with the Spirit of God. The gospel begins and ends (an empty tomb) with a mystery.

The passage
      v1. The "gospel" (meaning "important news") is a prophetic message proclaimed from God concerning human salvation. It is "about Jesus Christ," ie. it concerns Jesus. Jesus is the long foretold messiah who, through his life, death and resurrection, provides a way for lost humanity to be gathered into the presence of God for eternity. Mark sets about to fill out the gospel with an account of Jesus' life and teachings. So, he describes the beginning of his book as "the beginning of the gospel."
      v2-3. In Ex.23:20, v2b, God promised to send his messenger before the people of Israel as they journeyed to the promised land through the wilderness. Years later, the prophets spoke of the coming day when there would be another journey through the wilderness and another (Moses, Elijah?) who would lead the way, Isa.40:3, v3. John is this "messenger", and he "calls the "Lord", "the Son of God" (corporate Israel), out into the wilderness.
      v4-5. The people of Israel were waiting for the appearance of the prophet like unto Moses. He would usher in the "last days"; the turning point in history when salvation would extend to all humanity, the day of the coming of the kingdom of God. John appears and calls the people out into the wilderness. He calls on them to abandon their bondage in Egypt (repent of their sins) and walk through the waters of the Red sea (baptism - outwardly expressing their repentance, their leaving Egypt) and come into the wilderness to meet with their God and receive the covenant promise of their renewed relationship (the forgiveness of sins).
      v6. The description given of John paints him as a man of the wilderness. The reference to the belt probably aligns him with another man of the wilderness, namely, Elijah, 2Ki.1:8.
      v7-8. Mark gives us a summary of John's message. He announces the coming of a greater one, so great in fact, that John is less than a slave to him. Even a Hebrew slave is not required to untie his master's sandals. So, this coming one exposes our unworthiness. He is a coming judge. John may be referring to the coming of the messiah, but also possibly a visit from God himself to his people. When he arrives in the wilderness, this coming one will confront his people with the Spirit-empowered presence of God. The Spirit of God guided the people through the desert and sustained them and gave them rest. So again, as the people come out into the wilderness, they will meet with their God.

A wilderness gospel
      The challenge of John to his own generation was reported by Mark so that his readers were forced to respond themselves to the challenge. We, like the people of Israel of old, are locked into the bondage of sin, death and judgement. If we want to share in this "last days" salvation, we must repent, we must leave Egypt and pass through the waters into the wilderness to meet with our God. There in the wilderness God will visit us through Christ, forgiving us of our sins and washing us with his eternal presence - a peace that passes all understanding.
      What a tremendous gospel presentation, but then of course that is what Mark is all about. He takes the gospel and fills it out. Yet, in these opening verses of his gospel, the package is honed down to reveal the gospel in all its simplicity. Even the challenge is there.
      The Christian church has given John the Baptist an important place in gospel tradition. His memory is affirmed in the Christian church on St. John the Baptist's Day, June 24. Churches are even named after him. The reason for this attention is that he was the forerunner of gospel proclamation. His call to the people of Israel was the same call as that of Jesus and his disciples, and is the call Jesus has commissioned us to make - "go and gather disciples out of every nation, immersing them in the Name (in the gospel), and teaching them", Matt.28:19-20.
      The imagery presented in this passage is very powerful. There is value in seeing our own life in the terms of a move from Egypt, from sin, death and judgement, out into the wilderness to meet with our God. It is there we can experience, through Christ, the gift of his forgiveness and his eternal presence. We can then, under his guidance, take up the journey into the promised land, the land flowing with milk and honey, heaven, eternity.
      There is also great value picturing evangelism in wilderness images. Our task is to call people out of bondage into the wilderness where they can meet with God - call on people to repent, to flee Egypt, to turn from self to Christ. Obviously, they must want to meet God and know they can't because they are slaves, ie. the gospel is for the "lost" who want to be found. The gospel (important message) we proclaim announces that Jesus provides the way out of bondage into the presence of God where all can freely obtain his eternal acceptance and his eternal presence. The gospel points the way to that eternal land.

Discussion
      Identify the elements of the gospel in this passage, and both present and critique the individual presentations.


Notes

Textual notes   Abbreviations,   Bibliography
 
v1
      arxh (h) "beginning" - first, beginning. Probably as to the content of the book (rather than the first verse or the first section), but possibly of time. "This is the good news about Jesus Christ", CEV.
      euaggeliou (on) "gospel" - important message. The word is used of the type of message carried by a messenger relaying important news, such as a victory or loss in battle. Probably referring to the content of Mark's writing, but possibly the preached message itself.
      Ihsou Cpistou gen. "about Jesus Christ" - of Jesus Christ. As with all genitives, they are difficult to translate. Either subjective, Jesus preached the gospel, or objective, Jesus was preached as the gospel, ie. the gospel preached about Jesus in Mark's account. Objective is best, as Jesus is not doing the preaching in the first eight verses. Christ means "anointed one", or possibly "appointed one". Here it is obviously a title for Jesus as the messiah, the anointed one.
      uJiou qeou "Son of God" - The phrase is not found in a number of manuscripts, but is most likely original. Mark may be duplicating the idea of messiah, anointed one, for this was the common meaning of the phrase, yet this seems unlikely. The demons speak of Jesus as Son of God, as do Gentiles. With such usage a sense of Jesus' divinity is implied. The phrase may not go so far as to imply a filial relationship with God the Father, but certainly it implies divinity, or at least godlikeness, as evidenced in the miracles.

v2
      The voices are adjusted in the quotation to link the players - Jesus, John, God. In composite quotes, the author of the larger quote is the one identified. Ex.23:20, Mal.3:1, Isa.40:3
      ketaskeuasei (kataskeuazw) fut. "will prepare" - will make ready, prepare

v3
      bowntoV (boaw) part. gen. "one calling" - crying out, shouting, calling out. "The voice of one crying" or "the voice crying."
      erhmw (oV) "desert" - wilderness, a desolate and abandoned place.
      eJtoimiasate (eJtoimazw) "prepare" - prepare, make ready. "Get the road ready for the Lord", CEV.
      taV tribouV (oV ou) "paths" - way, path, road, highway, freeway...
      euqeiaV (euquV) adj. "straight" - the straight nature of the pathway is emphasized in the text. Straight for speedy travel.

v4
      oJ baptizwn (baptizw) pres. act. part. "baptizing" - immerse. Here the one baptizing. John comes as the "messenger" and his "baptizing" serves to "prepare the way." Yet, the message is what prompts repentance, while water baptism is but a sign (a visible expression) of repentance.
      metanoiaV (a) "repentance" - turn about, change direction. Repentance, and its consequence "forgiveness", is that which makes "straight paths" for the coming of the messiah.
      afesin (iV ewV) "forgiveness" - release, forgiveness

v5
      ebaptizonto (baptizw) imperf. pas. "they were baptized" - they were being immersed. Here, they were allowing themselves to be immersed in water.
      exomologoumenoi (exomologew) part. "confessing" - confessing, avowing.

v6
      endedumenoV (enduw) perf. mid. part. "wore clothing" - put on a garment, clothed. Mark's description of John's clothing and food, serves to further the image of the "one calling in the wilderness", an image with powerful Old Testament precedents. The divine is encountered in the wilderness.

v7
      opisw + gen. "after" - after. NIV has "after" in a chronological sense, but John could be saying that the messiah follows on from his ministry, in the sense of taking up where he leaves off.
      ikanoV adj. "worthy" - sufficient, able, fit, worthy. The one who follows John is the worthy one. A Hebrew slave would not be expected to undertake the menial task of untying the master's sandal, but John, even though he is God's messenger, is not worthy to undertake even this menial task.

v8
      en pneumati aJgiw "with the Holy Spirit" - in Holy Spirit. The usage is instrumental, that is, John baptizes with water, while Jesus baptizes with Spirit [not "in"]. In Mark there is no giving of the Holy Spirit to the disciples, rather Jesus, in the Spirit, manifests the Spirit in messianic signs and in proclamation.


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