Expressing the idea of personal interest, accompaniment and means
 The pure dative expresses personal interest in someone or something
 Identifying the one for whom, or in whose interest, an act is performed
The dative closest to the root idea - Common
Sometimes with a preposition: en, epi = "to"
I will repay all things TO YOU
panta apodwsw soi
 Identifying the one for whose benefit something is done - "for"
Sometimes with a preposition: en, epi = "for", "to", ..
She has done a good thing FOR ME
kalon ergon hrgasato en emoi
 Identifying the one who will be adversely affected by the action - "against"
Sometimes with a preposition: en, epi = "against"
Herodias had a grudge AGAINST HIM
hJ HJrw/diaV eneicen aurw/
 Identifying a person or thing possessing little or no interest in, but mere reference to.
Translate "with reference to", "concerning", "about", "in regard to"
Sometimes with a preposition: en, epi = "about" .....
Be not anxious ABOUT your LIFE
mh merminate th/ yuch/ umwn
 Verbs that have a dative sense prompt the direct object to take the dative case instead of the accusative case
Sometimes with a preposition: en
I serve God's LAW
douleuw nomw/ qeou
 Identifying the person to whom something belongs
Often translated with a possessive pronoun, "his", "her"
the name TO HIM was John = HIS name was John
onoma autw/ IwannhV
 Identifying the person whose feelings or viewpoint are linked to the action of the verb.
Translate: "as far as I am concerned", "in my opinion"
beautiful TO GOD = beautiful as far as God is concerned
asteioV tw/ qew/
 Expressing the idea of location, place, position.
 Identifying a spot or place
Note: Wallace includes this class under Dative of Sphere.
Sometimes with a preposition: en, epi, para, proV = "at", "by", "on", "with", "in", "beside", "among", "upon", ......
they put it UPON his HEAD
epeqhkan autou th/ kefalh/
 Identifying a particular point in time "when" the action of the main verb is performed
Sometimes with a preposition: en, epi = "when", "while", "at", "during", "on", .....
ON THE FIRST [DAY] of the week
th/ mia/ twn sabbatwn
 Identifying a metaphorical spacial idea
Sometimes with a preposition: en, epi, para "in the sphere of", "in the realm of" ......
having been found IN APPEARANCE as a man
schmati euJreqeiV wJV anqrwpoV
 iidentifying "in conformity with / in accordance with" a rule, code or standard of conduct
as many as will live TO THIS STANDARD (ACCORDING TO THIS STANDARD), peace upon them
oJsoi tw/ kanoni toutw/ stoichsousin, eirhnh ep autouV
 Expressing the idea of means or instrument, indicating that by/with which the action of the verb was performed
 Identifying the impersonal means (instrument) by which an action is performed
Sometimes with a preposition: en = "by", "with", "by means of"
Note: personal agency is expressed by uJpo + gentitive
because he had often been bound BY FETTERS and CHAINS
dia to auton pollakiV pedaiV kai aJusesin dedesqai
 Identifying what caused the action to be performed
Sometimes with a preposition: en, epi = "because of", "on the basis of"
I am perishing here BECAUSE OF FAMINE
egw limw/ wde apollumai
 Identifying the manner (method) by which an action is performed
Sometimes with a preposition: en = "with", "in" = an adverb
Note: Manner is often expressed by meta + genitive
he speaks WITH BOLDNESS (= BOLDLY)
parrhsia/ lalei
 Identifying those persons or things that acompany the action performed
Sometimes with a preposition: en, para, sun = "with"
he made us alive WITH CHRIST
sunezwopoihsn tw/ Cristw/
 Identifying the intervening measure between two points, usually an interval of time
Sometimes with a preposition: en = Difference by - "during", "much", "in addition to", ...
FOR A LONG TIME he had worn no garment
gronw/ iJkanw/ oiuk ededusato iJmation
 Identifying the personal agent by whom the action is performed
Translation: "by", "through"
has been tamed by humankind
dedamastai th/ fusei th/ anqrwpinh/
 Identifying the material (rather than tool) used to perform the action
written not WITH INK
eggrammenh ou melani
 *A less than common usage*