Expressing the idea of personal interest, accompaniment and means

The pure dative expresses personal interest in someone or something

Identifying the one for whom, or in whose interest, an act is performed

The dative closest to the root idea - Common

Sometimes with a preposition: en, epi = "to"

I will repay all things TO YOU

panta apodwsw soi

Identifying the one for whose benefit something is done - "for"

Sometimes with a preposition: en, epi = "for", "to", ..

She has done a good thing FOR ME

kalon ergon hrgasato en emoi

Identifying the one who will be adversely affected by the action - "against"

Sometimes with a preposition: en, epi = "against"

Herodias had a grudge AGAINST HIM

hJ HJrw/diaV eneicen aurw/

Identifying a person or thing possessing little or no interest in, but mere reference to.

Translate "with reference to", "concerning", "about", "in regard to"

Sometimes with a preposition: en, epi = "about" .....

Be not anxious ABOUT your LIFE

mh merminate th/ yuch/ umwn

Verbs that have a dative sense prompt the direct object to take the dative case instead of the accusative case

Sometimes with a preposition: en

I serve God's LAW

douleuw nomw/ qeou

Identifying the person to whom something belongs

Often translated with a possessive pronoun, "his", "her"

the name TO HIM was John = HIS name was John

onoma autw/ IwannhV

Identifying the person whose feelings or viewpoint are linked to the action of the verb.

Translate: "as far as I am concerned", "in my opinion"

beautiful TO GOD = beautiful as far as God is concerned

asteioV tw/ qew/

Expressing the idea of location, place, position.

Identifying a spot or place

Note: Wallace includes this class under Dative of Sphere.

Sometimes with a preposition: en, epi, para, proV = "at", "by", "on", "with", "in", "beside", "among", "upon", ......

they put it UPON his HEAD

epeqhkan autou th/ kefalh/

Identifying a particular point in time "when" the action of the main verb is performed

Sometimes with a preposition: en, epi = "when", "while", "at", "during", "on", .....

ON THE FIRST [DAY] of the week

th/ mia/ twn sabbatwn

Identifying a metaphorical spacial idea

Sometimes with a preposition: en, epi, para "in the sphere of", "in the realm of" ......

having been found IN APPEARANCE as a man

schmati euJreqeiV wJV anqrwpoV

iidentifying "in conformity with / in accordance with" a rule, code or standard of conduct

as many as will live TO THIS STANDARD (ACCORDING TO THIS STANDARD), peace upon them

oJsoi tw/ kanoni toutw/ stoichsousin, eirhnh ep autouV

Expressing the idea of means or instrument, indicating that by/with which the action of the verb was performed

Identifying the impersonal means (instrument) by which an action is performed

Sometimes with a preposition: en = "by", "with", "by means of"

Note: personal agency is expressed by uJpo + gentitive

because he had often been bound BY FETTERS and CHAINS

dia to auton pollakiV pedaiV kai aJusesin dedesqai

Identifying what caused the action to be performed

Sometimes with a preposition: en, epi = "because of", "on the basis of"

I am perishing here BECAUSE OF FAMINE

egw limw/ wde apollumai

Identifying the manner (method) by which an action is performed

Sometimes with a preposition: en = "with", "in" = an adverb

Note: Manner is often expressed by meta + genitive

he speaks WITH BOLDNESS (= BOLDLY)

parrhsia/ lalei

Identifying those persons or things that acompany the action performed

Sometimes with a preposition: en, para, sun = "with"

he made us alive WITH CHRIST

sunezwopoihsn tw/ Cristw/

Identifying the intervening measure between two points, usually an interval of time

Sometimes with a preposition: en = Difference by - "during", "much", "in addition to", ...

FOR A LONG TIME he had worn no garment

gronw/ iJkanw/ oiuk ededusato iJmation

Identifying the personal agent by whom the action is performed

Translation: "by", "through"

has been tamed by humankind

dedamastai th/ fusei th/ anqrwpinh/

Identifying the material (rather than tool) used to perform the action

written not WITH INK

eggrammenh ou melani

*A less than common usage*

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