The passage
      v42. The early converts placed themselves under the authoritative teaching of the Lord conveyed through the apostles. This "apostolic" teaching was finally recorded in the New Testament. When a congregation submits to scripture, it holds to the apostolic faith. Community in the early church was expressed in a number of ways. First, they fellowshipped together; they were a community of friends. Second, they shared in "the breaking of bread." This is most likely the Lord's Supper, but it could just be a fellowship meal shared by the congregation. Often, the disciples shared a meal with Jesus after he took bread, broke it and blessed it. If it is the Lord's Supper, then the breaking is referring to Jesus' body broken for us. Third, they devoted themselves to "prayer." We know that the members of the early church attended public worship at the temple, but they obviously also joined in prayer during their "house meetings."
      v43. Peter had quoted Joel's prophecy which spoke of the dawning of the kingdom of God heralded by "signs on the earth beneath." Jesus performed such signs, and the apostles were empowered to maintain continuity between the ministry of Jesus and that of the apostolic community. For Israel, such signs proclaimed the kingdom, although for us today they would have little "sign" value. Jews, who witnessed these amazing events, were filled with awe.
      v44-45. The dynamic unity of the Spirit experienced by these early believers ("the believers were together" = fellowship/community), most likely enhanced with a sense of the early return of Christ, was expressed in a reaction to private property. They "had everything in common", in the sense that they viewed their possessions as the property of all. As a result, they sold their assets and divided them according to individual need. Yet, it does seem that they kept their homes and businesses (eg. fishing boats), and so they probably only sold surplus assets and this they held in common. This communal life-style was soon to come apart, eg. 4:32-5:11.
      v46-47. The believers gathered regularly in the temple for public worship, meeting in Solomon's colonnade which ran on the east side of the outer court. As such, they functioned as a "haburah", a Jewish sect, a feature of which was the communal meal. For the meal, they met "by households." Again, we are unsure if this meal was the Lord's Supper, or just a fellowship meal, but it is probably best to assume it included the Master's meal. The community was enriched with a sense of rejoicing ("glad") and generosity (better than "sincere"). They enjoyed great popular good-will. They were focused in their praise of God and they grew in numbers daily. The "Lord added to their number" in the sense that God accepted those who believed in Christ - He added to the remnant those whom He intended to save. For this reason, the Christian community was bound to welcome the new converts into their ranks.

Principles of Christian Community
      "An is is not an ought"; "a description is not a prescription." We have to be careful how we handle narratives in the Bible. Just because someone did something at a particular point in time doesn't mean we have to follow suit for the rest of eternity. None-the-less, our passage for study gives us an insight into the life of the early church following the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, and so provides a shape for a "Spirit filled" church today.

        i] The church was built on a foundation of repentance and faith in the Lord Jesus. The believers "accepted his (Peter's) message", the message of the gospel. They were a people who experienced "the forgiveness of sins" and who "received the gift of the Holy Spirit."

        ii] The church was built-up through the authoritative teaching of the apostles. The exposition of Biblical truth is central to the business of church.

        iii] The church emphasized fellowship. The "love feast" was a fellowship meal which might have included the Lord's Supper. It was an expression of Eastern culture where eating together is a reflection of community. This "common meal" is something believers would do well to explore today.

        iv] The church was a caring community. It is interesting that the Imperfect tense is used in describing how the church "used to sell" and "used to give" indicating that it was a peculiarity of the Jerusalem church following Pentecost. Although such a communal structure is beyond most of us, practical care toward each other is certainly within our grasp.

        v] The church was a joyous community respected by the wider society. There is nothing more attractive to an outsider than a friendly, happy, welcoming church.

        vi] The church was a praying community. They devoted themselves to prayer. They sought the will of God and prayerfully relied on it. God's people must always aim at prayerfulness.

v43
      pash/ yuch/ dat. "everyone [was] filled" - in every soul. The dative is probably local, as NIV, but possessive is possible. "Everyone felt a deep sense of awe", Phillips.
      egineto (ginomai) imperf. "was" - [and] it was occurring.
      foboV (oV) "awe" - terror, fear. Alt. "Fear" is possible, even "amazed", CEV, if the "everyone" means something wider than the Christian fellowship, but "awe", as in the sense of "reverential fear" seems better. The textual variant "in Jerusalem, there was great fear upon everyone" attempts to widen those who are affected and is certainly the common response to "signs and wonders."
      dia + gen. "by [the apostles]" - through, by means of. Expressing an instrumental sense.

v44
      oiJ pisteuonteV (pisteuw) pres. part. "[all] the believers" - the ones believing. Participle as a substantive. The aorist variant would read "those who had become believers", Barrett.
      epi to auto "together" - at the same. The believers continued to meet together in the same place, or just regularly met together. A variant drops the verb to-be before this prepositional phrase and the conjunction "and" after, producing a descriptive of the believers as "together in common", ie., a communal society of believers.
      aJponta adj. "everything" - We know that they didn't have "everything" in common since they continued to own their own property. It seems more likely that they held their surplus in common, certainly as time went on. None-the-less, Luke is describing a commonality highly regarded in the ancient world ("friends share everything") and practiced by some groups, eg. Qumran.
      koina (koinos h on) "common" - they held everything in common, or possibly in a narrow sense, they had a common purse, held the donated funds collectively

v45
      kthmata (a atoV) "possessions" - Possibly real estate and household items.
      uparxeiV (iV ewV) "goods" - personal property, belongings
      epipraskon (pipraskw) "sold" - sell. In the imperfect as here, the action is durative, the selling is when needed, from time to time. "They pooled their resources that each person's need was met", Peterson.
      pasin adj. "to everyone" - Dative of advantage. Presumably the distribution was to believers, but this is unstated.
      an + imperf. "-" - In classical Gk. this particle + opt. = iterative action, ie. repeated. This sense is conveyed here although the classical form has weakened. The repeated giving is "as someone had need", not daily.

v46
      kaq hJmeran "every day" - daily, every day. Idiomatic phrase.
      proskarterounteV (proskarterew) pres. part. "they continued" - persevering, devoting. Attendant circumstance participle identifying action accompanying the main verb "ate together." "They ate together .... breaking bread ... and continuing/devoting with one mind in the temple." The believers (not necessarily all) most likely gathered for the daily devotions at the temple, "day after day they met together in the temple", CEV.
      omoqumadon adverb. "together". The weakened form is "together", but it possibly means "with one mind", or "unanimously".
      klwnteV (klaw) pres. part. "they broke bread" - breaking. Attendant circumstance participle. Possibly referring to the Lord's Supper, although the regular daily meal may be intended.
      kat oikon "in their homes" - Some argue that the reference is to a Christian meeting-house, Barrett suggests a distributive sense is intended; "in their various houses."
      metelambanon (metalambanw) imperf. "[ate] together" - they were sharing, partaking of [food]. Obviously debatable, but presumably this is different to the Lord's Supper, say "a fellowship meal together."
      afelothti (afeloths) dat. sing. "sincere (hearts)" - simplicity, singleness [of heart]. Hapax legomenon, once only use in the NT, in fact, an uncommon word outside the NT, therefore the sense is disputed: "Generosity", Bruce, but also possibly "simplicity of heart", Cassirer, = "sincerity".